Observation of “Kabunizi” or “Mitumata” (Anti-solar Rays)

The Nature of Solar Polar Rays

We use time series observations from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory and Yohkoh spacecraft to study solar polar rays. Contrary to our expectations, we find that the rays are associated with active regions on the Sun and are not features of the polar coronal holes. They are extended, hot plasma structures formed in the active regions and projected onto the plane of the sky above the polar...

Seismic Observation of Solar Tachocline

Helioseismology has established the existence of a layer of strong gradients of angular velocity at the base of the solar convection zone. This layer (`tachocline') separates the convection zone exhibiting a strong latitudinal differential rotation from the radiative interior that rotates almost rigidly. Turbulence generated in the tachocline is likely to mix material in the upper radiative zon...

Solar Influence on Climate: Cosmic Rays

Fermi-LAT Observation of Quiescent Solar Emission

The Large Area Telescope (LAT), one of two instruments on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is a pair-conversion detector designed to study the gamma-ray sky in the energy range 30 MeV to 300 GeV. Fermi has detected high-energy gamma rays from the quiet Sun produced by interactions of cosmic-ray nucleons with the solar surface, and cosmic-ray electrons with solar photons in the heliosphere. W...

Gamma - Rays 1 Observation of gamma - rays greater than 10 TeV from

We have observed Markarian 421 during an extraordinarily high state in January and March 2001 with the CANGAROO-II imaging Cherenkov telescope. From 14 hours observations at a large zenith angle of ∼70◦, a signal of 298± 52 gamma-ray–like events was detected at E > 10 TeV with 5.7 σ significance. Under the assumption of power-law spectrum, we derived a steep energy spectrum of photon index ∼4.0...